Infection Control Failures in Hand Hygiene, PPE Use, and Equipment Sanitization
Summary
The deficiency involves multiple failures in the facility’s infection prevention and control practices observed during care of several residents. In one instance, a licensed nurse provided tracheostomy inner cannula care and suctioning for a resident without performing hand hygiene between glove changes. The nurse initially donned sterile gloves to change the resident’s disposable inner cannula, then removed the sterile gloves and put on non-sterile gloves from a box in the resident’s room, continuing care without cleansing her hands. She later removed those gloves and donned another pair, again without performing any form of hand hygiene. During interview, the nurse confirmed she did not perform hand hygiene after either glove removal and stated that facility policy required hand hygiene before putting on gloves and after removing them, acknowledging the risk of infection to the resident. A second deficiency was observed when another licensed nurse administered medications via a gastrostomy tube to a resident who was on Enhanced Barrier Precautions. The nurse prepared the medications, performed hand hygiene, and put on gloves, then accessed the resident’s G-tube, checked placement by pushing air into the tube and auscultating the stomach, flushed the tube with water, and administered multiple crushed medications mixed with water through the G-tube. Only after these steps did the nurse realize she had forgotten to don the required protective gown for Enhanced Barrier Precautions. She then retrieved and put on a gown. In interview, the nurse confirmed she had accessed and used the G-tube without the required gown and stated that staff were required to wear a gown and gloves when caring for residents with indwelling lines such as a G-tube to prevent the spread of germs. A third deficiency involved improper handling and sanitizing of shared equipment used for a resident on Contact Precautions. Two CNAs transferred a resident on Contact Precautions from a shower chair to bed using a mechanical lift, then removed the shower chair from the resident’s room and placed it in the hallway in front of the nurses’ station without sanitizing it. Both CNAs confirmed the resident was on Contact Precautions and that a Contact Precautions sign was posted on the door. Later, another CNA attempted to take the same shower chair from the hallway, assuming it was clean because it was stored along the wall and available for use. One of the original CNAs stopped her and stated the chair had not been sanitized. The CNAs acknowledged they were supposed to sanitize the shower chair before removing it from the room, especially for a resident on Contact Precautions, and stated that failing to sanitize equipment after use, particularly in such rooms, could spread infection and make residents sick. Interviews with the Infection Preventionist and the Director of Nursing confirmed that these observed practices did not meet facility expectations or policy. The Infection Preventionist stated that staff were expected to perform hand hygiene before donning clean gloves and after removing dirty gloves, to wear appropriate PPE including gown and gloves when performing care involving bodily fluids such as accessing a G-tube, and to sanitize equipment like shower chairs before and after use, regardless of whether the resident was on Contact Precautions. The Director of Nursing similarly stated she expected hand hygiene before and after glove use during any resident care, proper PPE including gown and gloves when administering medications via G-tube, and cleaning and disinfecting equipment such as shower chairs before and after each use. Both the Infection Preventionist and the Director of Nursing stated that improper infection control practices and failure to clean shared equipment could lead to the spread of infection among residents.
Penalty
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Staff failed to consistently implement and follow Enhanced Barrier Precautions (EBP) during wound care for two residents. For a resident with an indwelling urinary catheter and an EBP order, an RN and a CNA removed their gowns after catheter care and performed a heel and toe dressing change wearing only gloves, despite a door sign requiring gown and gloves for wound care and other high-contact care. For another resident with multiple open leg wounds and active wound care orders, an RN and a nurse aide performed dressing changes with gloves only, without gowns, and there was no EBP signage or order in place. Interviews with nursing staff, the IP, and the DON revealed inconsistent understanding and application of the facility’s EBP policy, which requires gown and gloves for high-contact care activities, including wound care and device care, for residents with chronic wounds or indwelling devices.
A resident with a chronic heel wound with drainage, classified as high risk under the facility’s Enhanced Barrier Precautions (EBP) policy, received wound care from a Wound Nurse and a NA who wore masks and gloves but did not don gowns during multiple high-contact wound care activities on both lower extremities. The facility’s EBP policy requires both gloves and gowns for high-contact care, including wound care, for residents with chronic wounds. At the time of care, there was no EBP sign on the door and no PPE caddie or supplies outside the room. In subsequent interviews, the Wound Nurse and NA reported they did not wear gowns because there was no sign on the door and the nurse was not wearing one, while the IP and DON stated they would have expected gown use and confirmed that wound care is considered a high-contact activity under the policy.
The facility failed to fully document infection surveillance and RTW decisions during a COVID outbreak. Multiple staff members reported symptoms such as sore throat, headache, congestion, diarrhea, vomiting, fever, and cough, but the employee illness logs were incomplete and left the RTW date blank, with no indication they were tested for COVID or cleared per CDC guidance. At the same time, multiple residents were diagnosed with COVID and others had GI symptoms with unknown testing status. The IP said she worked infection control only a few hours per week and had not thoroughly reviewed the logs for trends, while the DON had not been reviewing the surveillance logs.
Cross contamination occurred during a dressing change when an LPN placed a resident’s foot directly on the wheelchair seat without a barrier and did not clean the bedside table after the procedure. The facility also lacked infection surveillance documentation for several months, and its Legionella water management plan was incomplete, with no mapping of high-risk areas, no temperature logs, and no documented preventive measures for unused areas.
Infection Control Failures During Resident Care: Staff did not follow PPE, hand hygiene, and equipment-cleaning practices during care for several residents. An RN failed to clean a glucometer and basket after blood sugar checks, a CNA and a Central Supply staff member entered rooms with enhanced barrier precautions without PPE, and an LVN did not clean the glucometer or insulin vial, and did not properly perform hand hygiene during insulin administration and after emptying a urinal. Residents involved had significant cognitive impairment, diabetes, wounds, and other serious diagnoses.
Infection control failed during laundry services when staff reported using the same personal T-shirt for handling dirty laundry and then hanging clean laundry, while using disposable gowns only for laundry from a resident with an infection. The DON also acknowledged that the Infection Prevention Program policy was overdue for annual review, and the policy showed no indication of an annual review.
Failure to Implement and Follow Enhanced Barrier Precautions During Wound Care
Penalty
Summary
Surveyors identified a deficiency in the facility’s infection prevention and control program related to improper use and implementation of Enhanced Barrier Precautions (EBP) during wound care. One resident with an indwelling urinary catheter had an active order and care plan for EBP, and a door sign specifying that gown and gloves were required for high-contact resident care activities, including wound care and device care. During an observation, an RN and a CNA entered this resident’s room, performed hand hygiene, donned gown and gloves, and completed catheter care in accordance with the posted EBP instructions. However, after completing catheter care, the RN instructed the CNA that they could remove their gowns because EBP was “only for the catheter,” and both staff removed their gowns and gloves, performed hand hygiene, and then donned only clean gloves to perform a dressing change on the resident’s right heel and pinky toe, despite the door sign indicating gown and gloves were required for wound care. A second resident had multiple open wounds on both lower extremities that required cleansing, application of collagen with wound gel and alginate, and coverage with border gauze dressings. Progress notes documented that these wounds originated as skin tears and were slowly healing, and active wound care orders were in place. During an observation of wound care for this resident, an RN and a nurse aide performed hand hygiene and donned gloves but did not wear gowns. There was no EBP sign or PPE set up outside the room, and there was no order for EBP in the electronic medical record, even though the resident had open wounds requiring dressing changes. In interviews, the RN stated that EBP was required for chronic wounds such as pressure, venous, and arterial wounds, and that EBP for the first resident applied only to catheter care. The CNA reported that she relied on the door sign and believed she only needed to gown for catheter care, brief care, or toileting, and not for transferring if she was not in contact with the catheter. The Infection Preventionist explained that EBP was used for chronic wounds and indwelling devices and stated that staff would only need to gown when providing care to the Foley catheter, while the DON stated that EBP was for residents with devices or dressing changes to prevent MDROs and that staff should wear gown and gloves even when not providing direct catheter care. The facility’s written EBP policy specified that EBP applies to residents with chronic wounds and/or indwelling medical devices and that PPE for EBP is necessary when performing high-contact care activities, including wound care and medical device care, which was not consistently followed in the observed wound care encounters.
Failure to Follow Enhanced Barrier Precautions During Wound Care
Penalty
Summary
The deficiency involves the facility’s failure to implement its Infection Control policies and procedures for Enhanced Barrier Precautions (EBP) during wound care for a resident. The facility’s EBP policy, last revised on 04/15/26, requires staff to don both gloves and a gown for high-contact care activities with high-risk residents, including those with chronic wounds. High-contact activities listed in the policy include wound care, and the policy specifies that residents with chronic wounds should remain on EBP for the duration of their stay or until the wound resolves. Resident #12 was admitted with a chronic heel wound with drainage, placing the resident in the high-risk category under the EBP policy. During an observation of wound care on 05/12/26 at 12:33 PM, the Wound Nurse and Nurse Aide (NA) #1 entered the resident’s room wearing masks and gloves but no gowns. There was no EBP sign on the door and no PPE caddie or supplies outside the room. The resident was seated in a wheelchair beside the bed with the door open. The Wound Nurse performed multiple wound care steps on the resident’s right leg, right heel, left third toe, and left heel, repeatedly donning and doffing gloves and performing hand hygiene, while NA #1 assisted by holding the resident’s legs. At no point during these high-contact wound care activities did either staff member wear a gown. In interviews following the observation, the Wound Nurse stated he did not wear a gown because there was no sign on the door indicating the resident was on EBP and later acknowledged learning that a gown should have been worn. NA #1 similarly reported that she did not wear a gown because there was no sign on the door and the Wound Nurse was not wearing one, and she later learned that both should have worn gowns. The Infection Preventionist (IP) stated that the resident should have had an EBP sign on the door and a PPE caddie available, and explained that the sign and supplies were likely left on the resident’s previous room after a move. The IP and the Director of Nursing both stated they would have expected the Wound Nurse and NA #1 to wear gowns while providing wound care, and the DON identified wound care as a high-contact activity requiring gown use under the facility’s EBP policy.
Incomplete COVID Surveillance and Return-to-Work Tracking
Penalty
Summary
The facility failed to ensure its infection prevention and control program documented employee illness monitoring, testing, and return-to-work decisions during a COVID outbreak. The report states that 7 of 9 staff members with symptoms of COVID were not documented as having been tested, their illnesses were not tracked to identify possible links between resident COVID cases and staff exposure or subsequent illness, and there was no indication when they could return to work according to CDC guidance. The January 2026 resident infection surveillance log showed 12 residents diagnosed with COVID during the outbreak and exhibiting symptoms including cough, runny nose, congestion, and wheezing. Five additional residents had loose stools and vomiting, but it was unknown whether they had been tested or found positive for COVID. The January 2026 employee illness log showed multiple staff call-ins for symptoms including sore throat, headache, congestion, dizziness, lightheadedness, diarrhea, vomiting, fever, sinus congestion, and cough, but the logs were not completed fully and the date returned to work was left blank each time. The infection preventionist stated she had been in the role for less than a year, worked infection control only 4 to 5 hours per week depending on staffing, and transferred staff illness information from the business office into the employee illness logs. She said staff were to be off work for at least 24 hours after vomiting, fever, or diarrhea resolved, but she had not thoroughly completed the surveillance logs or looked for trends or patterns. The DON stated she reviewed the IP's monthly data before QAPI meetings but had not been reviewing the surveillance logs since the new IP started. The facility's infection control and surveillance policies described monitoring infections for trends and managing infections through education and record keeping, and the return-to-work policy included guidance for suspected or confirmed COVID, but the report states there was no indication this return-to-work process followed CDC guidance.
Cross Contamination During Dressing Change and Infection Control Program Deficiencies
Penalty
Summary
Cross contamination occurred during a dressing change for Resident R24. The resident was admitted to the facility and had diagnoses including peripheral vascular disease and diabetes. A physician order dated 4/27/26 directed the right lateral foot to be cleansed with normal saline, patted dry, treated with Santyl ointment, and covered with a dry dressing daily and as needed. During observation of the dressing change on 5/5/26, the LPN prepared a clean area on the resident’s over-bed table with a barrier and supplies, cleansed the foot, then placed the resident’s right foot directly on the wheelchair seat without placing a barrier before applying the ointment and dressing. After the dressing was completed, the LPN gathered and discarded supplies, removed the barrier from the over-bed table, and exited the room. During interview, the LPN confirmed that a clean barrier had not been placed on the wheelchair seat before the resident’s foot was placed there and confirmed that the bedside table was not cleaned after the supplies and barrier were removed. The LPN also confirmed the failure to prevent cross contamination during the dressing change. The facility also failed to maintain infection control surveillance for three months, as the infection control documentation did not show tracking of resident infections for February 2026, March 2026, and April 2026. When asked about the surveillance system, the RN who had taken over the program stated she had not done anything since taking over on 4/4/26 and had not looked at the infection control binders. The NHA confirmed the facility failed to implement an infection control program that included a system of surveillance to identify possible communicable diseases or infections for those months. In addition, the facility’s Legionella water management plan lacked mapping of high-opportunity areas, water temperature logs, and evidence of preventive measures for areas not in use, and staff could not provide logs or explain required temperatures during interviews.
Infection Control Failures During Resident Care
Penalty
Summary
The facility failed to maintain an infection prevention and control program for multiple residents during observed care and record review. Resident #7 had a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and a BIMS score of 4, indicating severely impaired cognition. During an observation, RN A used a small amount of hand sanitizer for only a few seconds, checked the resident’s blood sugar, and did not clean the glucometer before placing it in the medication cart. RN A also used a purple basket to carry glucometer supplies into the resident’s room, placed it on the bedside table, and did not clean the basket before returning it to the medication cart. RN A stated the glucometer should be sanitized before and after each use and that not doing so could put the resident at risk of infection. Resident #32 had severe cognitive impairment and multiple injuries, including intracerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, fractured rib, fractured lower leg, fractured spine, and surgical and traumatic wounds. The care plan included enhanced barrier precautions. During observation, the resident’s room had an enhanced barrier precautions sign and the PPE station outside the door had only one glove and one gown. CNA A assisted with removing a brace from the resident’s right arm without using any PPE. CNA A stated that any time there was a PPE station, staff were supposed to use the PPE and that failing to do so could transfer something to another resident. Resident #95 had diagnoses including breast cancer, Asperger’s syndrome, protein-calorie malnutrition, anxiety, and hypokalemia, and the care plan directed staff to use gown and gloves during high-contact care activities that could transfer MDROs. During observation, the resident’s door had an enhanced barrier precautions sign, but staff entered the room without PPE while Central Supply assisted with pulling the resident up in bed. Central Supply stated PPE was required any time patient care was provided to the resident. Resident #101 had type 2 diabetes mellitus and an insulin order for lispro before meals for high blood sugars. During observation, LVN D did not perform hand hygiene before putting on gloves, did not clean the glucometer before checking the resident’s blood sugar, did not clean the top of the insulin vial before withdrawing insulin, performed hand hygiene for less than 5 seconds and did not cover the backs of her hands, and did not properly perform hand hygiene after emptying the resident’s urinal. LVN D also did not clean the glucometer or tray before placing them in the medication cart.
Infection Control Lapses in Laundry Services and Policy Review
Penalty
Summary
The facility failed to ensure appropriate infection control during laundry services and failed to review its Infection Prevention Program policy annually. During a laundry room tour and interview, other staff stated they put a personal T-shirt on over their clothes when handling dirty laundry and used the same T-shirt when hanging clean laundry. They also stated they used disposable gowns when handling laundry from a resident with an infection, but had no concerns about wearing the same clothing for clean and dirty laundry if the resident did not have an infection. The director of maintenance stated the facility used an external company for on-site laundry and housekeeping services and believed laundry staff wore gloves and a gown when handling dirty laundry, but was not concerned if no gown was worn as long as staff clothing did not touch the dirty clothing. The Bywood East Infection Control and Prevention Program policy dated 4/26/24 had no indication of an annual review, and the DON stated the infection prevention program policy was overdue for review.
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